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The world this week--Business
本周國際要聞--商業
Central-bank officials attending the annual Jackson Hole symposium conveyed a clear, hawkish message on interest rates.
出席杰克森霍爾年度研討會的央行官員傳達了一個明確的、強硬的利率信息。
Jerome Powell, chairman of the Federal Reserve, said he expected the Fed would raise rates throughout next year.
美聯儲主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾表示，他預計美聯儲將在明年全年加息。
Officials from the European Central Bank talked of “sacrifice”, and said that the lessons of the 1970s showed there should be no easing of monetary tightening at the first signs of a dip in inflation.
歐洲央行官員談到了“犧牲”，并表示，上世紀70年代的教訓表明，在出現通脹下降的最初跡象時，不應放松貨幣緊縮。
The ECB is expected to lift rates at its next meeting on September 8th.
預計歐洲央行將在9月8日的下一次會議上提高利率。
The central bankers warned that higher rates were necessary to tame inflation, even if they lead to recession.
央行官員警告稱，提高利率對于抑制通貨膨脹是必要的，即使這會導致經濟衰退。
The stark commitments to carry on with rate increases rattled stockmarkets.
繼續加息的明確承諾令股市動蕩不安。
The S&P 500, NASDAQ composite, Dow Jones Industrial Average, FTSE 100 and German DAX all fell sharply over a few days, wiping out most of the gains they had made during August’s rally.
標準普爾500指數、納斯達克綜合指數、道瓊斯工業平均指數、富時100指數和德國DAX指數都在幾天內大幅下跌，抹去了8月份反彈期間的大部分漲幅。
Annual inflation in the euro zone rose to 9.1% in August (it was over 20% in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania).
歐元區8月份的年通貨膨脹率升至9.1%(波羅的海國家愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞和立陶宛的通脹率超過20%)。
All indicators point to prices rising even more sharply over the coming months.
所有指標都表明，未來幾個月的價格漲幅會更大。
The ECB is now expected to raise its main interest rate by more than half a percentage point.
目前預計歐洲央行將把主要利率上調0.5個百分點以上。
Soaring energy prices are a big cause of Europe’s inflation woes, and show no sign of easing amid the disruption to Russian gas supplies.
能源價格飆升是歐洲通脹困境的一個重要原因，在俄羅斯天然氣供應中斷的情況下，能源價格飆升沒有任何緩解的跡象。
This week Gazprom, Russia’s state gas producer, shut the Nord Stream 1 pipeline again for three days, apparently for more repairs.
本周，俄羅斯國有天然氣生產商Gazprom再次將北溪1號管道關閉三天，顯然是為了進行更多的維修。
Gazprom is also set to stop all shipments to Engie, a French utility, in a payment dispute.
在一場付款糾紛中，Gazprom還將停止向法國公用事業公司Engie運送天然氣。
Meanwhile, Uniper, one of Germany’s biggest utilities, asked for a government increase to its credit line to avoid a liquidity crunch.
與此同時，德國最大的公用事業公司之一Uniper要求政府增加其信貸額度，以避免流動性緊縮。
Wien Energie, which supplies Vienna, warned of difficulties in financing its operations.
為維也納供應能源的Wien Energie警告稱，在融資方面存在困難。
Amid the turmoil, the European Commission said it was working flat out on an intervention plan that would “decouple” gas prices from the electricity market.
在動蕩之際，歐盟委員會表示，該組織正在全力制定一項干預計劃，使天然氣價格與電力市場“脫鉤”。
In Britain the energy regulator lifted the price cap on bills by 80%.
在英國，能源監管機構將賬單的價格上限提高了80%。
From October the average household’s annual bill for gas and electricity will rise to ￡3,549 ($4,117).
從10月份開始，普通家庭每年的燃氣費和電費將升至3549英磅(合4117美元)。
Companies are not covered by the cap; some said they would go bankrupt.
多家公司不在這一價格上限的覆蓋范圍內；一些公司表示，它們將會破產。
Turkey’s economy grew by 7.6% in the second quarter, year on year.
土耳其第二季度經濟同比增長7.6%。
The weak lira, a result of the government’s unorthodox economic policies, has boosted exports.
由于該國政府的另類經濟政策，里拉疲軟促進了出口。
But household consumption, up by 22.5% in the quarter, also added to GDP.
但是家庭消費在本季度增長了22.5%，也使國內生產總值增長了。
With inflation at 80%, households have brought forward their purchases to beat further price increases over the coming months.
在通脹率高達80%的情況下，該國家庭提前購買物品，以應對未來幾個月物價的進一步上漲。
Meanwhile, Turkish authorities raised energy prices for households by an average of 20%, and industry by 50%.
與此同時，土耳其當局將家庭能源價格平均上調了20%，工業能源價格平均上調了50%。
