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The world this week--Business
本周國際要聞--商業
The Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate by another three-quarters of a percentage point, to a range of between 3% and 3.25%.
美國聯邦儲備委員會將基準利率再次上調0.75個百分點，區間為3%至3.25%。
It was the third consecutive such increase and came after figures showed that inflationary pressures are moving extensively beyond food, energy and goods to services prices, such as rent.
這是該國連續第三次加息，此前數據顯示，通脹壓力正從食品、能源和商品廣泛蔓延至服務價格(如租金)。
The Fed now projects the rate to rise to at least 4.25% by the end of the year.
美聯儲目前預計，到今年年底，該利率至少將升至4.25%。
Jerome Powell, the central bank’s chairman, said “We have to get inflation behind us”, and that there was no painless way to do so.
美國央行主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾表示:“我們必須把通脹拋在腦后”，而且沒有不痛的辦法。
Other central banks also tightened monetary policy at an aggressive pace to battle inflation.
其他央行也以積極的步伐收緊貨幣政策，以對抗通脹。
The Bank of England lifted its benchmark rate by half a percentage point, to 2.25%, the highest it has been since 2008 (three members of the nine-person Monetary Policy Committee voted for a rise of three-quarters of a percentage point).
英格蘭銀行將基準利率上調了0.5個百分點，達到2.25%，這是自2008年以來的最高水平(貨幣政策委員會中的3名成員投票贊成上調0.75個百分點，共9名參與了投票)。
Swiss National Bank raised its key rate to 0.5% from -0.25%, ending seven years of negative rates.
瑞士央行將基準利率從-0.25%上調至0.5%，結束了長達7年的負利率。
Sweden’s Riksbank, a laggard compared with most of its contemporaries, lifted its main policy rate by one percentage point, to 1.75%, the biggest increase in three decades.
與大多數銀行相比，瑞典央行表現落后，該行將主要政策利率提高了一個百分點，達到1.75%，這是三十年來的最大增幅。
Bucking the trend the Bank of Japan maintained its ultralow rate.
與此相反，日本央行維持了超低利率。
That caused the yen to slide further against the dollar, prompting Japan to intervene in foreign-exchange markets to shore up the currency for the first time since 1998.
這導致日元對美元進一步下跌，促使日本自1998年以來首次干預外匯市場以支撐日元。
Before the intervention the yen had fallen by 20% against the dollar this year.
在實施干預之前，日元兌美元今年已經下跌了20%。
The German government nationalised Uniper, Germany’s biggest gas importer, to prevent it from collapsing.
德國政府將德國最大的天然氣進口商Uniper收歸國有，以防止其關門歇業。
Uniper had been forced to turn to the more expensive spot market when Russia curtailed its gas supplies, leading to huge losses.
在俄羅斯削減天然氣供應后，Uniper被迫轉向更昂貴的現貨交易市場，導致巨額虧損。
The German government also took control of three refineries operated by Rosneft, Russia’s biggest oil company, to secure Germany’s energy supply ahead of an EU embargo on Russian oil.
德國政府還控制了俄羅斯最大的石油公司Rosneft運營的三家煉油廠，以在歐盟對俄羅斯石油實施禁運之前確保德國的能源供應。
In Britain the government introduced a scheme that will cut energy bills for businesses by around half over the winter by capping the wholesale price of electricity and gas, an extension of the huge financial support it had earlier promised for households.
在英國，政府推出了一項計劃，通過限制電力和天然氣的批發價格，將在冬季為企業削減大約一半的能源賬單，這是政府早些時候承諾給家庭提供巨額財政支持的延伸部分。
Many firms risk going bankrupt because of soaring energy costs.
由于能源價格飆升，許多公司面臨破產的風險。
Volkswagen announced that shares in Porsche will debut on the Frankfurt stock exchange on September 29th.
大眾宣布保時捷的股票將于9月29日在法蘭克福證券交易所上市。
Only a small portion of the shares being offered by VW, Porsche’s owner, will be available to the public.
保時捷的所有者大眾所發行的股份中，只有一小部分將向公眾開放。
Still, the IPO could value Porsche at up to 75bn euros ($74bn).
盡管如此，保時捷的IPO估值可能高達750億歐元(740億美元)。
